Schedule

Readings:

• For background, review our guides on electricity, binary/hexadecimal numbers, and the unix command line.
• Bookmark this collection of unix video tutorials that were prepared for CS107 students. These videos cover basic concepts, common utilities, development tools, and productivity features.
• An interactive tour of Mango Pi board
• The Ripes RISC-V simulator
• A "for fun" diversion: Steven Wolfram's blog post Untangling the Tale of Ada Lovelace traces the work of Charles Babbage and Lady Ada Lovelace to develop the concept of a general-purpose computer.

• Here is a link to the Ripes simulator demoed in lecture.
• Our one-page guide to RISC-V.
• (Not light reading, but the real deal on the design of RISC-V) Andrew Waterman's PhD Thesis, "Design of the RISC-V Instruction Set Architecuture" https://people.eecs.berkeley.edu/~krste/papers/EECS-2016-1.pdf

• Here is a link to the Ripes simulator demoed in lecture.
• Our one-page guide to RISC-V.
• Enjoy Danny Cohen's article Holy Wars and a Plea for Peace on the history of little-endian vs. big-endian.

• Our one-page guide to RISC-V.
• Brush up on C basics (syntax, data types, operators, control structures) via your favorite C reference; sections 1-2 of Nick Parlante's EssentialC; or chapters 1, 2, and 3 of K&R. Skip content on I/O and standard libraries (we are bare metal!)
• Read Dennis Ritchie's account of the history of C
• Try out the Compiler Explorer demoed in lecture
• Read our guides on make and gcc

• Review EssentialC chapters 3 (skip material on structures) and 6 (skip material on the heap and memory management) or K&R 5.1-5.4. C-strings are primitive compared to Java/C++ strings; take note of the manual effort required to use and pitfalls to avoid.
• C volatile can be subtle and tricky. See GeeksForGeeks advice on correct use and John Regehr's blog on what NOT to do with volatile

• Read up on C functions (Chapter 4 in K&R, or Section 4 in Essential C).

• Read about characters and strings, IO functions (putc,puts,printf), and structures (Sections 1.5, 1.6, 1.9, 5.5, 6, 7 in K&R; or Section 3 in EssentialC).
• Poul-Henning Kamp's essay on The Most Expensive One-byte Mistake. Did Ken, Dennis, and Brian choose wrong with NUL-terminated text strings?
• Read Sparkfun's tutorial on serial communication.

• Read David Welch's articles on baremetal programming and bss data.

• Read our overview of stack frames
• Review dynamic memory allocation (malloc/free in C) and the operation of the heap (K&R 5.6-5.9 or Essential C Section 6). Consider the comparison/contrast between stack and heap allocation and use cases for each.

We've crossed the halfway point! We will use this lecture to catch-up/expand on lecture content covered lightly on first pass, and discuss how to further your mastery of C.

Readings:

• Google style guide for C/C++ code: https://google.github.io/styleguide/cppguide.html
• Read code! Our code, your code, other published code,… Some selected projects to browse:
  • https://github.com/dwelch67/raspberrypi, David Welch baremetal examples
  • https://opensource.apple.com, Apple OpenSource
  • https://directory.fsf.org/wiki/GNU, Free Software Foundation (GNU)
  • https://musl.libc.org, Musl C library
• The masters share their best practices in the book "Beautiful Code: Leading Programmers Explain How They Think" https://www.amazon.com/dp/0596510047

• Read Adam Chapweske's overview of the PS/2 protocol for keyboards and mice.
• Neat video from Ben Eater demonstrating how to read PS/2 scancode via breadboard wizardry. He does it all in hardware, thankfully easier for us in software!

Representation of integer and integer arithmetic, two's complement, unsigned and signed overflow, types and type conversion, light intro to floating point

Readings:

• "Understanding Integer Overflow in C/C++" John Regehr https://users.cs.utah.edu/~regehr/papers/overflow12.pdf
• Will Kahan's history of IEEE 754 came about https://people.eecs.berkeley.edu/~wkahan/ieee754status/754story.html
• "What every computer scientist should know about floating-point arithmetic" https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/103162.103163

• cdecl for unraveling C types
• Documentation for Mango Pi Display Engine
• HDMI spec

In this first lecture on interrupts, we'll focus on the low-level mechanics and what needs to happen at the assembly level to enable and process an interrupt.

Readings:

• RiscV ISA Manual Vol II

Now we move up to the higher-level abstractions for interrupts, including library support for managing interrupt handlers and best practices for interrupt-safe code.

Readings:

• From D-1H User Manual: hstimer, gpio interrupts
• Source for library reference modules: interrupts.c, gpio_interrupt.c, ringbuffer.c, hstimer.c

Didi, Ben, Aditri, and Ishita will offer guidance and inspiration on how to achieve a satisfying and successful final project!

Readings:

• Ben's slides and sample datasheet annotated

Reading gpio inputs, how electrical signals can be used to observe physical phenomena, analog to digital conversion, protocols I2C and SPI.

Readings:

• Wikipedia entry analog-to-digital conversion
• Readings for i2c and spi protocols, sample driver code in extras
• An excellent reference book for exploring sensors is "Make: Encyclopedia of Electronic Components Volume 3: Sensors" by Charles Platt and Fredrik Jansson. You can access the online version via Stanford Libraries Safari Books portal https://searchworks.stanford.edu/view/13211489.

Controlling gpio outputs, pulse-width modulation (PWM), I2S protocol for digital sound input/output.

Readings:

• Wikipedia entry pulse width modulation.
• Readings for i2s protocol
• Sample driver code for pwm and i2s in extras

Ben Ruland will preview neat material to explore in further study of computer systems.

• Look back to where we started and celebrate a great quarter of learning, making, and engineering together!
• What comes next?
• Bring your questions and share your feedback on the course.